Reviews Epitalon

Full citations

References: The Epithalon and Epitalon literature cited on this site

Every quantitative claim in this digest traces to one of the seventeen primary sources below. PubMed, PMC, and DOI links are provided for each.

Primary Research Articles and Reviews

The reference list below covers all seventeen primary sources cited across this site. References are numbered in order of first citation in the research literature, consistent with the inline citation numbers used throughout the site's pages.

All references are drawn directly from peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed, PubMed Central, or the cited journals. See the frequently asked questions page for plain-language answers to common questions about this literature.

For context on the provenance and limitations of this research body — notably the concentration of longevity findings in one research group — see the Efficacy Summary section on the research page.

  1. Khavinson VKh, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2003;135(6):590-592. ↗
  2. Al-dulaimi S, Thomas R, Matta S, Roberts T. Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity. Biogerontology. 2025. ↗
  3. Khavinson VK, Izmaylov DM, Obukhova LK, Malinin VV. Effect of epitalon on the lifespan increase in Drosophila melanogaster. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2000;120(1-3):141-149. ↗
  4. Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Alimova IN, Rosenfeld SV, Zavarzina NYu, Semenchenko AV, Yashin AI. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology. 2003;4(4):193-202. ↗
  5. Khavinson V, Goncharova N, Lapin B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2001;22(4):251-254. ↗
  6. Korkushko OV, Khavinson VKh, Shatilo VB, Magdich LV. Effect of peptide preparation epithalamin on circadian rhythm of epiphyseal melatonin-producing function in elderly people. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2004;137(4):389-391. ↗
  7. Korkushko OV, Lapin BA, Goncharova ND, Khavinson VKh, Shatilo VB, Vengerin AA, Antoniuk-Shcheglova IA, Magdich LV. Normalizing effect of the pineal gland peptides on the daily melatonin rhythm in old monkeys and elderly people. Advances in Gerontology. 2007;20(1):74-85. ↗
  8. Khavinson V, Razumovsky M, Trofimova S, Grigorian R, Razumovskaya A. Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2002;23(4):365-368. ↗
  9. Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK, Provinciali M, Alimova IN, Baturin DA, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Imyanitov EN, Mancini R, Franceschi C. Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. International Journal of Cancer. 2002;101(1):7-10. ↗
  10. Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA. Inhibitory effect of peptide Epitalon on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. Cancer Letters. 2002;183(1):1-8. ↗
  11. Khavinson V, Diomede F, Mironova E, Linkova N, Trofimova S, Trubiani O, Caputi S, Sinjari B. AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism. Molecules. 2020;25(3):609. ↗
  12. Khavinson VKh, Lezhava TA, Monaselidze JR, Jokhadze TA, Dvalishvili NA, Bablishvili NK, Trofimova SV. Peptide Epitalon activates chromatin at the old age. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(5):329-333. ↗
  13. Sinjari B, Diomede F, Khavinson V, Mironova E, Linkova N, Trofimova S, Trubiani O, Caputi S. Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 2020;16(1):159-166. ↗
  14. Anisimov VN, Popovich IG, Zabezhinskii MA, Rozenfel'd SV, Khavinson VKh, Semenchenko AV, Yashin AI. Effect of epitalon and melatonin on life span and spontaneous carcinogenesis in senescence accelerated mice (SAM). Vopr Onkol (Questions of Oncology). 2005;51(1):93-98. ↗
  15. Gatta M, Dovizio M, Milillo C, Ruggieri AG, Sallese M, Antonucci I, Trofimov A, Khavinson V, Trofimova S, Bruno A, Ballerini P. The Antioxidant Tetrapeptide Epitalon Enhances Delayed Wound Healing in an in Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 2025. ↗
  16. Kossoy G, Anisimov VN, Ben-Hur H, Kossoy N, Zusman I. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice. In Vivo. 2006;20(2):253-257. ↗
  17. Araj SK, Brzezik J, Madra-Gackowska K, Szeleszczuk L. Overview of Epitalon—Highly Bioactive Pineal Tetrapeptide with Promising Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025;26(6):2691. ↗